4.1. Set Tool Size

Drag to set the brush size for Sculpting and Mesh tools.

While using sculpting tools the brush size is shown as a dotted ring in the 3D view. The solid inner ring shows the falloff of the current brush - with a small ring showing a spike shaped brush, and a large ring a blunt flat brush.

Shortcut

Hold Ctrl with a sculpting tool selected and drag to set the tool size.

4.2. Add

Sculpt by adding volume to create bumps.

4.3. Sub

Sculpt by subtracting volume to create dents.

4.4. Inflate

Sculpt by inflating the surface. More rounded effect than 'Add'.

4.5. Deflate

Sculpt by deflating the surface. More rounded effect than 'Sub'.

4.6. Pull Tubes

Drag out worm shaped extrusions from the mesh surface.

4.7. Pinch

Paint to Tighten and Shrink the surface along the stroke.

4.8. Smooth

Paint to smooth the surface. Elastic effect will tend to shrink the surface.

4.9. Polish

Paint to polish the surface. Improve surface curvature with little change to volume.
Polish has a more subtle effect than Smooth, fixing small defects while leaving the overall shape intact.

4.10. Noise

Paint to Roughen up the surface with random displacements.

N.B. For the roughest result you will need to disable the automatic polish that smooths out the other sculpting tools.
Just untick Polish in the Sculpt Tool Controls.

4.11. Flatten

Paint to flatten the surface.

4.12. Flatten to View

Paint to flatten the surface towards the current viewport.